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名词性从句 None Clauses

名词后面加从句只有 定语从句/同位语从句。没有关系词，只可能是定语从句。

三种句子：that whether(if) 特殊疑问句

四种成分：主语 宾语 表语 同位语

一群穿着各色衣服的游客在沙漠里玩。

定语从句+名词名句+状语从句(时间，地点，方式)+动词

主语从句（同一个句子来做主语）​

  1. that 主语 + 谓语

  2. It+谓语+ that 主语

John 很矮是总所周知的

  • John is short is public knowledge. (有两动词，无连接词，是错的）

  • That John is short is public knowledge. (语法正确，头重脚轻)

  • It is public knowledge that John is short.

一、特殊疑问词引导​

why, what, who, where, when, which, whenever, whichever, wherever, whoever, how

  • 疑问词+主语+谓语 对应that第一种.

  • What I need is money.

  • What he says is not important.

  • What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water.

  • How I spend my money is none of your business.

  • Where he was taken remains a mystery.

  • Whoever comes first will receive the prize.

二、Whether+主语+谓语 对应that第一类​

  • Whether we can trust him (or not) is still unclear.

  • Whether it will do us harm (or not) remains to be seen.

  • It’s unclear whether we can trust him. (对应type2）

三、Just because… doesn’t mean…​

  • Just because we don’t talk doesn’t mean I don’t think about you.

宾语从句​

  • I know that he is a good person. （陈述句+that直接变宾语从句）

  • I know when we should go. （特殊疑问句变陈述句宾语从句）

一般疑问句变宾语从句​

  • Are my picture good or not？

  • She always like me whether/if my picture are good or not.

  • I know whether/if I should tell him the truth.

宾语从句位置：​

  1. 动宾

    • Many people pretend that they understand modern art. （动单宾）

    • They always tell you what a picture is ‘about’.（动双宾）

  2. 介宾（46课）

    • He was astonished at what he found.

  3. 动宾前置

    • Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell.

  4. 形式宾语

    • She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him.

一、介词+疑问词引导的宾语从句​

  • I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the readers are saying.

  • I will give this dictionary to whoever wants to have it.

二、时态​

  1. 主句是一般现在时，从句该什么时态就什么时态。

    • I believe we will won.

  2. 主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态降级。现在=>过去, 过去=>过去完成（had done）, 将来(will)=>过去将来(would)

    • You never told me what you had done to my computer.

    • Catherine said that she had never been to Guangzhou.

  3. 从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。

    • The teacher told the students that the sun is round.

三、否定前移（突出强调，一般用于表示观点的时候）​

  • I think the window don’t need cleaning at this time of the night

  • => I don’t think the window need cleaning at this time of the night.

  • I don’t think you are wrong.

表语从句（表述主语特征）​

系动词：be, seem, become, get, remain, feel, smell, taste, look, sound, keep, stay.

  • His suggestion is that we should stay.

  • He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.

  • The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

同位语从句 (中心名词+ that + 陈述句)​

一个句子做同位语，解释说明前面名词

  • His suggestion that I buy a cat is very good.

  • The idea that we can turn fruits into art is excellent.

  • The belief that the earth is flat is still held in many countries.

中心名词​

  1. 概括发生了事情 (fact news information decision)

  2. 概括观念 想法类的事情 (idea belief suggestion opinion advice promise knowledge thought)

  3. 可能性 (possibility)

同位语从句未必紧跟名词（改正头重脚轻）​

  • When report came into London that a wild puma …, they were not taken seriously.

  • I’m tired of the fact that I have to babysit her all the time.

  • The thought that I may lose him forever terrifies me.